laktogenesis

Laktogenesis refers to the physiological process of establishing milk secretion in the mammary gland. It is a complex series of biochemical and cellular changes that occur during pregnancy and after childbirth, preparing the breast to produce milk for the newborn. Laktogenesis is typically divided into two distinct stages.

Laktogenesis Stage I begins in mid-pregnancy and is characterized by the production of colostrum, a yellowish, nutrient-rich fluid. During this stage, the mammary glands are sensitive to hormonal changes, primarily progesterone and estrogen, which promote the development of alveolar cells and the synthesis of proteins and lactose. However, the actual milk secretion is relatively low, and the milk remains in the gland, not being actively released.

Laktogenesis Stage II commences shortly after the delivery of the placenta, typically within 2 to 5 days postpartum. This stage is marked by a significant increase in milk volume, often referred to as "milk coming in." The decline in progesterone levels after birth is a critical trigger for this transition, allowing prolactin to exert its full effect on alveolar cells. Prolactin stimulates the production of copious amounts of milk, which is now actively secreted and available for the infant. This stage is crucial for successful breastfeeding initiation and establishing an adequate milk supply. Laktogenesis Stage II is a dynamic period where hormonal and cellular mechanisms coordinate to meet the infant's nutritional needs.