laiendades

Laiendades is the Estonian adverbial participle (gerund) form derived from the verb laiendama, meaning to extend or expand. It functions to express a concomitant or instrumental action in a sentence and is commonly translated into English as “by extending” or “as one extends.”

Formation and usage

Laiendades is formed by adding the suffix -des to the verb stem. It is used to create a non-finite clause that describes an action connected to the main clause, often indicating means, manner, or accompanying action. In most cases, the subject of the adverbial participle is the same as the subject of the main clause, though the construction can also convey a related circumstance or result.

Nuance and style

The gerundial form allows for concise, formal, or narrative writing by combining ideas that would otherwise require a separate subordinate clause. It is common in academic, journalistic, and official text, as well as in descriptive prose.

Examples

- Laiendades oma teadmisi, osales ta teaduskongressil. (By expanding his knowledge, he attended the science congress.)

- Laiendades ettevõtte ulatust, avas ta uusi kontoreid. (By expanding the company’s reach, he opened new offices.)

See also

Estonian grammar; adverbial participles; non-finite clauses.

---