lõppganglionides

Lõppganglionides refers to the terminal ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. These are clusters of nerve cell bodies located in the periphery of the body, close to or within the organs they innervate. They represent the final relay point for autonomic signals before they reach their target tissues. The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, both of which utilize a two-neuron pathway consisting of a preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron. The cell body of the preganglionic neuron is located in the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord), and it synapses with the postganglionic neuron in a ganglion. The postganglionic neuron then extends from the ganglion to the effector organ.

In the sympathetic nervous system, lõppganglionides are typically located near the spinal cord, forming the sympathetic chain ganglia or prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia are responsible for mediating the "fight-or-flight" response. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system's lõppganglionides are found much closer to the target organs, often within the walls of the organs themselves (intramural ganglia) or in very close proximity. These ganglia are involved in the "rest-and-digest" functions. The neurotransmitter released at the synapse within the lõppganglionides is typically acetylcholine, which acts on nicotinic receptors. The neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic neuron to the effector organ differs; it is norepinephrine for most sympathetic targets and acetylcholine for parasympathetic targets and sweat glands. Understanding the location and function of lõppganglionides is crucial for comprehending autonomic control of bodily functions.