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The decimal system, also known as the base-10 system, is the most common number system used globally. It is a positional numeral system, meaning that the value of a digit depends on its position within the number. The system uses ten distinct symbols, or digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Each position in a decimal number represents a power of 10. Moving from right to left, the positions represent the units (10^0), tens (10^1), hundreds (10^2), thousands (10^3), and so on. For example, the number 345 can be broken down as (3 * 10^2) + (4 * 10^1) + (5 * 10^0), which equals 300 + 40 + 5. The inclusion of zero as a placeholder is crucial to the system's functionality, allowing for the representation of numbers with gaps in their place values, such as 102. The widespread adoption of the decimal system is largely attributed to its intuitive nature for humans, who typically have ten fingers, and its efficient representation of quantities. It forms the basis for arithmetic operations and is fundamental to mathematics, science, and everyday commerce.