könyökízülets

The elbow joint, known in Hungarian as the könyökízület, is a complex hinge joint that connects the upper arm bone, the humerus, with the two bones of the forearm, the radius and the ulna. This articulation is crucial for a wide range of upper limb movements, primarily flexion and extension, allowing the forearm to bend towards and away from the upper arm.

The könyökízülets structural integrity is maintained by a combination of strong ligaments and muscles. The main movements are facilitated by the trochlear notch of the ulna articulating with the trochlea of the humerus for flexion and extension. Simultaneously, the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius, allowing for pronation and supination of the forearm, which are rotational movements that turn the palm downwards and upwards, respectively.

Several muscles surrounding the elbow joint contribute to its function. The biceps brachii and brachialis muscles are primary flexors, while the triceps brachii muscle is the main extensor. The muscles of the forearm and upper arm also play a role in stabilizing the joint during these movements.

Injuries to the könyökízület can range from sprains and strains to fractures and dislocations. Overuse injuries, such as tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis), are common and affect the tendons that attach to the epicondyles of the humerus. Conditions like arthritis can also affect the joint, leading to pain and reduced mobility. The könyökízület's intricate design allows for essential daily activities and efficient use of the arm.