könyökízületi

The elbow joint, known in Hungarian as the könyökízületi, is a complex hinge joint that connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the two forearm bones (radius and ulna). This articulation is crucial for a wide range of upper limb movements, including flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) of the arm, as well as pronation and supination of the forearm, which allow the palm to turn downwards and upwards respectively.

The könyökízületi is comprised of three distinct articulations within a single capsule: the humeroulnar joint, the humeroradial joint, and the proximal radioulnar joint. The humeroulnar joint is formed between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and it is primarily responsible for flexion and extension. The humeroradial joint involves the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius, contributing to both flexion/extension and rotation. The proximal radioulnar joint, located between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna, facilitates pronation and supination.

Strong ligaments, including the ulnar collateral ligament and the radial collateral ligament, provide stability to the könyökízületi, preventing excessive lateral or medial movement. The joint is also surrounded by muscles and tendons, such as the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and forearm muscles, which facilitate and control its movements. Due to its extensive use, the elbow joint is susceptible to various injuries and conditions, including sprains, fractures, dislocations, and inflammatory conditions like tendinitis and arthritis.