könyökízületet

The elbow joint, known in Hungarian as the könyökízület, is a complex synovial joint that connects the upper arm bone, the humerus, with the two forearm bones, the radius and the ulna. This articulation is crucial for a wide range of upper limb movements, including flexion and extension of the arm, as well as pronation and supination of the forearm.

The elbow joint is a compound joint, meaning it comprises three separate articulations enclosed within a single joint capsule. These are the humeroulnar joint, the humeroradial joint, and the proximal radioulnar joint. The humeroulnar joint is a hinge joint, allowing for flexion and extension. The humeroradial joint is a pivot joint, contributing to flexion and extension and also playing a role in rotation. The proximal radioulnar joint, also a pivot joint, is responsible for the pronation and supination movements of the forearm.

Ligaments play a vital role in stabilizing the könyökízület. The medial collateral ligament (ulnar collateral ligament) and the lateral collateral ligament (radial collateral ligament) provide significant stability against varus and valgus stresses, respectively. The annular ligament of the radius encircles the head of the radius, holding it in place within the radial notch of the ulna, thus maintaining the integrity of the proximal radioulnar joint.

Muscles surrounding the elbow joint also contribute to its movement and stability. The biceps brachii and brachialis muscles are the primary flexors, while the triceps brachii is the main extensor. The forearm muscles, originating from the epicondyles of the humerus, are involved in pronation, supination, and wrist movements. The könyökízület's intricate structure allows for both powerful movements and fine motor control of the hand.