kömürleme

Kömürleme is a Turkish term derived from kömür (coal) and is used in geology and industry to describe processes and activities related to coal and coal products. In geological contexts, kömürleme (coalification) denotes the transformation of plant material through burial heat and pressure into coal. This progression includes peat, lignite, and bituminous coal, and in deeper burial may lead to anthracite under suitable conditions.

In industrial terms, kömürleme covers mining, processing, and conversion of coal, including washing, briquetting, and coke production, as well as the use of coal and coal-derived fuels for electricity generation, heating, and metallurgy.

In Turkey, coal has historically been significant for energy supply and industry. The most important coal region is the Zonguldak Basin along the Black Sea coast, with mining activity dating back to the late Ottoman period and continuing into the modern era. Other basins produce lignite used in local power plants and industries.

Environmental and social aspects: coal extraction and combustion have environmental impacts, including air pollution, water concerns, land disturbance, and occupational risks. Policy responses in Turkey and elsewhere focus on mine safety, land reclamation, and diversification toward cleaner energy sources.