kuusse

Kuusse refers to a traditional Estonian folk game that is played during the winter season, particularly around Christmas and New Year’s. The game is often associated with the Estonian holiday traditions and is believed to have roots in ancient pagan customs. Kuusse involves a group of players, typically children, who gather in a circle and engage in a playful, competitive activity centered around guessing and movement.

The game is played outdoors, often in snow-covered areas, and usually involves a central figure known as the "Kuusse leader" or "master." The leader stands in the middle of the circle while the other players form a ring around them. The leader then calls out a series of commands or rhymes, often in Estonian, which the players must follow. These commands may include movements like jumping, spinning, or mimicking animals. If a player fails to follow the instructions correctly, they are "out" and must leave the circle. The last remaining player becomes the new leader for the next round.

Kuusse is not only a form of entertainment but also carries cultural significance in Estonian folklore. It is sometimes linked to the belief that playing the game brings good luck and wards off evil spirits. The game’s name is thought to derive from the Estonian word *kuusk*, meaning "fir tree," possibly symbolizing the evergreen trees that were traditionally used in winter rituals.

Today, Kuusse remains a beloved tradition in many Estonian communities, often played during family gatherings and festive celebrations. While modern variations exist, the core elements of guessing, movement, and group participation remain central to the experience. The game reflects the Estonian appreciation for seasonal customs and communal joy during the winter months.