krzesem

Krzesem is not a standard entry in Polish dictionaries. It is typically regarded as a nonstandard or erroneous form related to the noun krzesło, which means chair. In correct Polish, the instrumental singular of krzesło is krzesłem, not krzesem.

Usage and interpretation

The form krzesem can appear as a misspelling in informal writing, a typographical error, or as the result of influence from other languages or dialectal speech. It is not recognized as a legitimate inflection in formal grammar, and it does not have an established meaning beyond being an error or a nonstandard variant. When encountered in text, readers should treat it as incorrect and replace it with the standard form krzesłem for instrumental usage or krzesło in the nominative.

Relation to standard language

No major Polish dictionaries list krzesem as an accepted form. Its appearance underscores common orthographic and morphological mistakes involving Polish nouns with irregular or morphologically similar stems. Correcting krzesem to krzesłem preserves standard inflection and avoids ambiguity in most contexts.

Examples

Incorrect: Siedzę na krzesem. Correct: Siedzę na krześle.

Incorrect: Zrobiłem to krzesem. Correct: Zrobiłem to krzesłem.

See also

Polish grammar, Polish orthography, noun declension, common Polish misspellings.