kromosoomiarv

Kromosoomiarv refers to the number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a biological cell. In most organisms, this number is a characteristic feature of the species. For example, humans typically have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. One set of 23 chromosomes is inherited from each parent. This complete set of chromosomes is called the diploid number, often represented as 2n. Gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, are an exception, containing only half the number of chromosomes, which is the haploid number (n).

Variations in chromosome number, known as aneuploidy, can occur. These can involve the gain or loss of one or more chromosomes. Conditions like Down syndrome, characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, are examples of aneuploidy. Polyploidy, on the other hand, involves having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, which is common in some plants and can lead to larger fruits or flowers. The precise kromosoomiarv is crucial for normal development and function.