kontrolowany

Kontrolowany is a Polish adjective formed from the verb kontrolować (to control). It denotes that someone or something is subject to control, regulation, or close supervision. The form changes with gender and number: kontrolowany (masc. sing.), kontrolowana (fem. sing.), kontrolowane (neut. sing. or plural), with plural forms kontrolowani (masc. pl.) and kontrolowane (neut./fem. pl.). In ordinary use, kontrolowany describes persons, objects, processes, or environments that are monitored or kept within defined rules or conditions.

In science and research, phrases such as badanie kontrolowane or eksperyment kontrolowany refer to a study or experiment that includes a comparison group not subjected to the experimental treatment, i.e., a control group. In medicine and psychology, controlled trials are common to assess efficacy and safety. In industry and administration, the term characterizes regulated or supervised systems, for example środowisko kontrolowane (controlled environment) or system kontroli (control system).

Etymology: the word is a derivative of kontrolować from a root related to control, borrowed from foreign sources—most likely via German kontollieren/kontrolle or French contrôle—and has been part of Polish since the early modern period.