konjugat

Konjugat is a term used in several disciplines to denote a counterpart, partner, or form related by a process called conjugation. The precise meaning varies with the field, but all usages share a sense of a linked or derived form.

In linguistics, a konjugat (conjugate) is a verb form that carries information about person, number, tense, mood, aspect, or voice. Languages differ in how extensively they mark these categories, and the set of related forms is called a conjugation paradigm.

In mathematics, particularly complex analysis, the konjugat (complex conjugate) of a complex number z = a + ib is z̄ = a − ib. The product z z̄ equals a^2 + b^2 and is always real. Conjugation extends to functions and matrices, serving various symmetry properties and numerical-stability considerations.

In chemistry, a konjugat acid–base pair consists of two species related by the transfer of a proton. The conjugate of a base is its conjugate acid after accepting a proton, while the conjugate base of an acid is the species formed after losing a proton. These pairs help explain acid strength and buffering capacity; for example, NH3 and NH4+ form a conjugate acid–base pair.

In biology, conjugation describes horizontal gene transfer between organisms, notably bacteria, allowing DNA to move from a donor to a recipient. The term konjugat is less common in English, with conjugation and conjugate used to describe the contact-dependent transfer process and its genetic outcomes.