konjugacije

Konjugacije, or conjugations, are the inflectional forms that verbs take to express grammatical information such as person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and voice. They encode who performs an action, when the action occurs, and how it is viewed. In many languages, each verb has a set of forms that belong to one or more conjugation patterns or classes.

Conjugation systems typically work by combining a verb stem with endings or by altering the stem itself. Regular verbs follow predictable endings, while irregular verbs deviate from these patterns. Some languages also use auxiliary verbs or periphrastic constructions to express certain tenses or aspects. Conjugation patterns are frequently organized into classes, with each class sharing similar endings and internal changes. Historical roots in many languages reveal multiple parallel systems, such as the Latin four conjugations, or the rich, person-and-number-inflected conjugations found in Spanish and Portuguese, and the aspect- and person-marked forms common in Slavic languages.

Examples help illustrate the idea. In English, present tense forms include I go, you go, he goes; past tense is I went; the future can be expressed with will go. In Spanish, habits include hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan in the present; pretérito habla with hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron; imperfect tense uses hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablábamos, hablabais, hablaban. In Latin and many other languages, verbs are taught by their conjugation classes, with distinct endings for each person and number across tenses.

Konjugacije are central to verb syntax, enabling subject-verb agreement and precise expression of action in time and manner.