konduktansen

Konduktansen, in physics and engineering, is a measure of how easily electric current can flow through a component or material. It is defined as the reciprocal of resistance and is denoted by G. The basic relation to Ohm’s law can be written as I = G V, where I is current and V is voltage; equivalently, R = 1/G.

For a uniform conductor with length L, cross-sectional area A, and electrical conductivity σ, the conductance is G = σ A / L. Since σ is the reciprocal of resistivity ρ, G can also be expressed as G = (1/ρ) A / L. This shows how material properties and geometry influence conduction.

In alternating current (AC) circuits, conductance is part of the more general admittance Y, which can be complex: Y = G + jB, where G is the conductance and B is the susceptance. The real part G describes dissipative current flow, while the imaginary part accounts for reactive effects due to capacitance and inductance.

Temperature and material composition affect konduktansen. In metals, resistance typically increases with temperature, so conductance decreases. In semiconductors, carrier concentration can cause conductance to increase with temperature or with doping, depending on conditions.

Common examples: a 1-ohm resistor has a conductance of 1 siemens (S), while a 100-ohm resistor has 0.01 S. The unit of konduktansen, the siemens (symbol S), is named after the German inventor Werner von Siemens.

Konduktansen is a fundamental parameter in circuit design and analysis, used to characterize materials, components, and networks in both steady and dynamic regimes.