kondensaatorniiskusmõõtjas

Kondensaatorniiskusmõõtja is a device used to measure humidity levels, specifically by analyzing the change in capacitance of a sensing element. This type of hygrometer relies on a dielectric material sandwiched between two electrodes. As the ambient humidity changes, the dielectric properties of the material absorb or release water vapor, altering its dielectric constant. This change in dielectric constant directly affects the capacitance of the sensor. The kondensaatorniiskusmõõtja then measures this capacitance and translates it into a humidity reading.

The principle of operation is based on the relationship between capacitance, dielectric constant, and physical dimensions. The capacitance (C) of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by the formula C = (ε₀εrA)/d, where ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, εr is the relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of the material between the plates, A is the area of the plates, and d is the distance between them. In a kondensaatorniiskusmõõtja, the area and distance are fixed, so the capacitance varies primarily with the dielectric constant of the sensing material, which in turn is influenced by the moisture content of the surrounding air.

These instruments are commonly used in various applications, including meteorological stations, industrial process control, building ventilation systems, and domestic environmental monitoring. Their advantages include relatively fast response times, good accuracy, and a wide operating range. However, their calibration can be affected by the presence of contaminants and extreme temperature variations. Regular calibration is essential to ensure accurate readings.