kondensaatiopolymieronti

Kondensaatiopolymieronti, often referred to as condensation polymerization, is a type of polymerization reaction where monomers react to form a polymer and a small molecule byproduct. This byproduct is typically water, but can also be other small molecules such as hydrogen chloride or methanol. The process involves the formation of covalent bonds between the reacting monomers, with the elimination of the small molecule.

This method contrasts with addition polymerization, where monomers add to one another without the loss of any atoms. In condensation polymerization, each step in the chain growth involves the reaction of a functional group on one monomer with a functional group on another, or on the growing polymer chain. Common functional groups involved include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2).

Examples of polymers formed through condensation polymerization include polyesters, polyamides (like nylon), and polycarbonates. For instance, the formation of a polyester involves the reaction between a diol (an alcohol with two -OH groups) and a dicarboxylic acid (a carboxylic acid with two -COOH groups), producing an ester linkage and releasing water. The molecular weight of the resulting polymer is typically built up gradually as more and more monomers and oligomers react. The reaction often requires elevated temperatures and sometimes catalysts to proceed efficiently.