komunizmas

Komunizmas is a political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society in which the means of production, such as factories and land, are owned communally and controlled by the people. The ultimate goal of communism is to achieve a stateless society where resources are distributed based on need, following the principle "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need."

Historically, the concept of communism has roots in the writings of philosophers like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, particularly in their work "The Communist Manifesto." They argued that capitalism inherently creates a division between the bourgeoisie (owners of capital) and the proletariat (working class), leading to exploitation and inequality. Communism, in their theory, was the inevitable next stage of historical development, arising from a proletarian revolution.

In practice, various attempts to establish communist states in the 20th century, such as in the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba, resulted in systems characterized by one-party rule, state control of the economy, and often suppression of political dissent. These implementations often deviated significantly from the theoretical ideals of a stateless, classless society. Economic outcomes in these states varied, with some experiencing periods of rapid industrialization but others facing widespread shortages and inefficiency. The collapse of many of these regimes in the late 20th century led to a decline in the global influence of communism as a political system.