kombinatsioonravimitel

Kombinatsioonravimid, also known as combination drugs or combination therapies, are pharmaceutical preparations containing two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) blended into a single dosage form. The concept of combining APIs dates back to the early 20th century, when clinicians sought to enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce the risk of drug resistance, or lower required dosages of individual components. Combination medicines are now common across many therapeutic areas, including antibiotics, antihypertensives, antiretrovirals, and oncology agents.

The combination of APIs in a single product can be formulated in various ways: physical mixtures of powders, co-crystals, soluble admixtures, or slow‑release matrices. Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency require that each API in a combination product undergo safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. The manufacturing process must also demonstrate that the combination does not alter the individual drug’s bioavailability beyond acceptable limits.

Clinical benefits of combination medicines include simplified dosing schedules, improved patient adherence, and synergistic therapeutic effects. However, the presence of multiple APIs can increase the risk of drug–drug interactions, additive toxicity, and challenges in identifying the source of adverse events. Consequently, healthcare professionals are advised to review the contraindications, possible interactions, and the evidence base for each component when prescribing or dispensing a combination product.