kolestázisra

Cholestasis is a condition where bile flow from the liver to the duodenum slows down or stops. Bile is a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion and the removal of waste products. When bile flow is impaired, bile pigments, such as bilirubin, and other substances accumulate in the blood, leading to various symptoms.

There are two main types of cholestasis: intrahepatic and extrahepatic. Intrahepatic cholestasis originates within the liver itself, affecting the bile ducts inside the liver. Causes can include certain medications, viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, and conditions like primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs when the blockage is in the bile ducts outside the liver. Common causes for this include gallstones, tumors in the bile ducts or pancreas, or inflammation of the bile ducts.

Symptoms of cholestasis can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, is a hallmark sign due to bilirubin buildup. Other common symptoms include intense itching (pruritus), dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, nausea, and fatigue. In the long term, prolonged cholestasis can lead to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and bone disease.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to check liver enzymes and bilirubin levels, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the bile ducts and identify any blockages. Treatment strategies are aimed at addressing the underlying cause. This might involve medications to relieve itching, procedures to remove gallstones or open blocked ducts, or surgery to remove tumors. In some cases, managing intrahepatic cholestasis may involve specific medications or lifestyle adjustments.