kodifikation

Kodifikation (from Latin codificatio) is the act of organizing and systematizing rules, norms, or knowledge into a code. It denotes turning scattered practices into a coherent, accessible set of rules or standards. The term is used in law, linguistics, and policy.

In legal contexts, codification is the consolidation of diverse, often customary, legal norms into a comprehensive statutory code. It aims to improve legal certainty, predictability, and uniform application of the law. It is distinct from case law or ad hoc legislation in that it seeks a holistic, written system. Notable examples include the Napoleonic Code (Code civil) and the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch). In some jurisdictions, codification accompanies modernization of an entire branch of law, replacing unwritten customary norms.

In linguistics and language policy, codification refers to standardizing a language's spelling, grammar, and usage to produce a codified variety, often through official orthographies and dictionaries, as part of language planning.

In practice, codification can facilitate administration and education but may also entail loss of local customary norms and adaptation challenges. The balance between codification and flexibility remains a central issue in reform efforts.