kloorimonoksidi

Kloorimonoksidi, also known as phosgene, is a highly toxic and reactive chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor. Phosgene is primarily used in the production of isocyanates, which are intermediates in the synthesis of polyurethane foams and other polymers. It is also used in the production of certain pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

Phosgene is a potent vesicant, meaning it can cause severe skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of phosgene can lead to respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, and even death. Due to its high toxicity, phosgene is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United States, meaning it has no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

The production of phosgene involves the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine gas. The reaction is highly exothermic and can be dangerous if not properly controlled. Phosgene is typically handled as a liquid under pressure, as it is a liquefied gas at room temperature.

Phosgene was first synthesized in 1812 by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas. It gained significant attention during World War I when it was used as a chemical weapon by the German military. The use of phosgene as a weapon was banned by the Geneva Protocol of 1925.

Despite its dangerous properties, phosgene remains an important industrial chemical. However, its use is tightly regulated due to its high toxicity and potential for misuse. Proper safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment and ventilation systems, are essential when handling phosgene.