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A client-server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. A client-server application is characterized by the request-response interactions between clients and servers. Clients initiate communication requests to servers, and servers process these requests and return responses. This model is fundamental to many networked computing systems, including the internet.

In this architecture, the server is a passive entity that waits for incoming requests from clients. When a client sends a request, the server processes it, performs the necessary operations, and sends back a response. Clients, on the other hand, are active entities that initiate requests to servers. They can be applications running on user devices, such as web browsers, email clients, or mobile apps. The client's role is to present information to the user and to forward user requests to the server.

Common examples of client-server applications include World Wide Web browsing, where a web browser (client) requests web pages from a web server. Email systems also operate on this principle, with email clients retrieving messages from an email server. Database systems frequently employ a client-server architecture, where client applications query and manipulate data stored on a database server. The advantages of this model include centralization of resources and data, easier management, and scalability. However, it can also lead to a single point of failure if the server goes down, and heavy client loads can overwhelm the server.