kivipohja

Kivipohja is a Finnish term that translates to "stone base" or "rock foundation." It refers to a type of foundation construction in which stones are used as the primary building material for the base of a structure. This method has been historically employed in areas where stone was readily available and other materials like timber or quarried stone were scarce or less practical.

The construction of a kivipohja typically involves selecting appropriately sized stones, often irregular in shape, and carefully fitting them together to create a stable and load-bearing layer. Mortar, if used, would have been a simple mixture of lime, sand, and water, or sometimes a more primitive clay-based binder. The stones would be laid in courses, with larger stones forming the base and smaller ones filling the gaps. The primary purpose of a kivipohja is to provide a solid footing, elevate the structure above ground moisture, and offer stability against settling or external pressures.

While less common in modern construction due to the availability of concrete and other engineered materials, traditional kivipohja foundations can still be found in historical buildings, particularly in rural or older urban areas of Finland and other Nordic countries. Their durability and longevity, when properly constructed, are often remarkable. The specific techniques and materials used could vary significantly depending on the local geology and the available craftsmanship.