kiskoja
Kiskoja is the Finnish term for rails—the long steel bars that form the running surface of railway and tramway tracks. Rails provide the rolling surface for wheel treads and flanges, distribute vehicle loads to the track bed, and guide vehicles along a fixed path. They are laid on sleepers (ties) and secured by fastenings to maintain gauge and alignment, creating a smooth, continuous riding surface. Rails can be connected as jointed track with fishplates or as continuous welded rail, which reduces joints and vibration.
Materials and profiles: Most rails are steel and are produced by hot-rolling, then heat-treated or ground to
Installation and maintenance: Rails are installed on sleepers with fastening systems to secure them to the
History and standards: The transition from iron to steel rails in the 19th century marked a major