khaen

The khaen is a free-reed mouth organ, a type of pipe instrument, originating from Laos and Northeastern Thailand (Isan). It is considered the national instrument of Laos. The khaen is typically made from bamboo and consists of multiple bamboo pipes of varying lengths, bound together. Each pipe has a free reed inserted at its base, which vibrates when air is blown through the instrument.

Players inhale and exhale through the instrument, allowing them to play melodies and chords simultaneously. This polyphonic capability is a distinctive feature of the khaen. The sound produced is often described as reedy, buzzing, or breathy. It plays a crucial role in traditional Lao and Isan music, accompanying various folk songs, dances, and religious ceremonies. The melodies can range from simple folk tunes to complex improvisations. Learning to play the khaen requires significant breath control and coordination due to its unique playing technique. There are various types of khaen, differing in size and the number of pipes, which affect their pitch range and timbre.