ketonea

Ketonea is not a recognized term in standard chemical nomenclature. It may be a misspelling of ketone, a fictional term, or a brand name. This article provides a concise overview of ketones and related ketone bodies to clarify possible references.

Ketones are organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon substituents. The general formula is R-CO-R'. The simplest member is propan-2-one, commonly known as acetone. Other examples include acetophenone (Ph-CO-CH3) and benzophenone (Ph-CO-Ph). Ketones are polar and span a range from volatile liquids to solids; small ketones are water-miscible, while larger ones become less soluble.

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic, enabling nucleophilic addition. Ketones undergo reductions to secondary alcohols and can form acetals with alcohols in acid-catalyzed reactions. They also serve as versatile starting materials for various derivatives, including oximes, hydrazones, and enolates used in synthesis.

In biology, ketone bodies are a subset of ketones produced by the liver during fasting or carbohydrate restriction. The main ketone bodies are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. They circulate in blood and supply energy to tissues such as the brain when glucose is limited. Excess production can cause ketoacidosis, a medical condition requiring attention.

Industrial applications include solvents (acetone), polymer and fragrance precursors, and chemical syntheses. Safety considerations include flammability and irritation; proper storage and ventilation are advised.