katalizátortámogató

A katalizátortámogató, often translated as catalyst support or carrier, is a material used in heterogeneous catalysis to provide a large surface area and structural integrity to the active catalytic component. The active catalyst, which is typically a metal or metal oxide, is often dispersed onto or within the catalyst support. This dispersion maximizes the number of active sites accessible to the reactants, thereby increasing the catalytic efficiency.

Common materials used as catalyst supports include alumina (aluminum oxide), silica (silicon dioxide), zeolites, and activated carbon. The choice of support material depends on various factors such as the specific catalytic reaction, operating temperature and pressure, and desired chemical and physical properties. Some supports can also exhibit catalytic activity themselves, contributing to the overall reaction. Furthermore, the surface properties of the support, such as its acidity or basicity, can influence the adsorption and reactivity of the reactants. The physical form of the support, such as pellets, beads, or monoliths, is also important for reactor design and flow characteristics. Understanding the interaction between the active catalyst and the support is crucial for developing highly active, selective, and stable catalysts.