kasvisienisymbiooseista

Kasvisienisymbioosit, commonly known as mycorrhizae, are mutually beneficial associations between fungi and plant roots. These symbiotic relationships are crucial for the survival and growth of most terrestrial plants. The fungi colonize the plant's root system, either externally (ectomycorrhizae) or internally (endomycorrhizae), extending their hyphae far into the soil.

Through this partnership, the fungi significantly enhance the plant's ability to absorb water and essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, which are often immobile in the soil. The vast network of fungal hyphae acts as an extension of the plant's root system, increasing the surface area available for nutrient uptake. In return, the plant provides the fungi with carbohydrates, primarily sugars produced during photosynthesis, which the fungi cannot produce themselves.

Mycorrhizal associations play a vital role in ecosystem health. They improve plant resilience to drought, diseases, and heavy metal contamination. They also contribute to soil structure by binding soil particles together, which helps prevent erosion and improves aeration and water retention. Different types of mycorrhizae exist, with arbuscular mycorrhizae being the most widespread, found in over 80% of plant species. Ectomycorrhizae are common in trees like pines and oaks. This ancient symbiotic relationship has been instrumental in the colonization of land by plants and continues to be a fundamental ecological process.