karistustega

Karistustega is an Estonian instrumental/comitative plural form of the noun karistus, meaning punishments. It translates roughly as “with punishments” and is used to indicate accompaniment, association, or actions related to punishments. In Estonian, the comitative case is formed by adding the suffix -ga to the appropriate plural form, yielding karistustega from karistused (punishments).

Morphology and formation: the base is karistus (punishment). Its plural nominative is karistused (punishments). Attaching the comitative suffix -ga to the plural yields karistustega (with punishments). Other related forms include karistus (singular), karistused (plural nominative), and karistusega (singular comitative). The same pattern applies to many nouns in Estonian, where -ga/-ga signals accompaniment or association.

Usage: karistustega is commonly found in legal, academic, or policy-related language when discussing punishments as a category, or when describing what accompanies or is related to punishments. It can modify nouns (karistustega seotud sanktsioonid – sanctions related to punishments) or appear in predicates that describe circumstances involving punishments.

Examples:

- Valitsus arutab karistustega kaasnevaid tagajärgi. (The government discusses the consequences that accompany punishments.)

- Seadus sätestab karistustega seotud sanktsioonid. (The law prescribes sanctions related to punishments.)

- Uuring keskendub karistustega seotud praktika efektiivsusele. (The study focuses on the effectiveness of practices related to punishments.)

See also: karistus, karistused, karistusega, karistustega seotud. Karistustega is primarily a plural comitative form and is used in formal or written Estonian to discuss punishments in relation to other elements.