kardiorenális

Kardiorenális refers to a clinical condition that involves the heart and kidneys. It describes a situation where there is a complex interplay and mutual damage between the cardiovascular system and the renal system. This means that dysfunction in the heart can lead to kidney problems, and conversely, kidney disease can negatively impact heart function.

The kardiorenal syndrome is typically categorized into several types based on the primary organ initiating the dysfunction. For instance, in type 1, acute heart failure leads to acute kidney injury. In type 2, chronic heart failure leads to chronic kidney disease. Type 3 involves acute kidney injury causing acute heart failure, and type 4 describes chronic kidney disease leading to chronic heart failure. Type 5 is a systemic condition affecting both organs simultaneously.

Factors contributing to kardiorenal syndrome include common underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. The mechanisms involved are multifaceted and include reduced cardiac output affecting kidney perfusion, increased venous congestion impacting kidney function, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and neurohormonal imbalances like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Diagnosis often involves evaluating cardiac and renal biomarkers, imaging studies, and clinical assessment of both organ systems. Management focuses on addressing the underlying causes, optimizing cardiac function, and supporting kidney health to improve patient outcomes.