karbonátkalmazodás

Karbonátkalmazodás refers to the process of carbonatization, a geochemical and geological phenomenon. It describes the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in water and carbonate minerals, or the formation of carbonate minerals through the interaction of CO2 with calcium or magnesium-bearing rocks.

This process is significant in both natural geological settings and in engineered carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Naturally, karbonátkalmazodás can occur in caves, where CO2 in groundwater reacts with calcium carbonate to form stalactites and stalagmites. It also plays a role in the weathering of silicate rocks, where carbonic acid, formed from CO2 and water, can break down minerals, releasing ions that can later precipitate as carbonates.

In the context of CCS, karbonátkalmazodás is a method of permanently storing captured CO2. Injecting CO2 into specific geological formations, particularly those containing basaltic rock or brines rich in dissolved minerals, can lead to the CO2 reacting and forming stable carbonate minerals. This mineral trapping is considered a very secure form of CO2 storage, as it effectively removes the CO2 from the atmosphere and prevents its potential leakage back into the environment. The rate and extent of karbonátkalmazodás depend on factors such as the temperature, pressure, mineral composition of the rock, and the availability of water and CO2.