karbonylryhmää

Karbonylryhmää is a Finnish term referring to the carbonyl group, a functional group in organic chemistry. This group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, represented by the chemical formula C=O. The carbonyl group is a key component of many important classes of organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides.

The presence of the electronegative oxygen atom in the carbonyl group creates a polar bond, with the carbon atom carrying a partial positive charge and the oxygen atom carrying a partial negative charge. This polarity makes the carbonyl carbon susceptible to nucleophilic attack, a common reaction pathway in organic synthesis. The double bond between carbon and oxygen also allows for addition reactions.

Aldehydes are characterized by having the carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Ketones, on the other hand, have the carbonyl group situated within a carbon chain, bonded to two other carbon atoms. Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH), while esters are formed when the hydrogen of the carboxylic acid's hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. Amides feature a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom, and acid halides have the carbonyl group bonded to a halogen atom. The reactivity and properties of these compounds are largely dictated by the carbonyl group.