karboksüülimise

Karboksüülimine is a chemical reaction where a carboxyl group (COOH) is introduced into an organic molecule. This process is fundamental in organic chemistry and biochemistry, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of many important compounds. In organic synthesis, carbooxylation often involves reacting an organometallic compound, such as a Grignard reagent or an organolithium compound, with carbon dioxide. This reaction typically requires anhydrous conditions and low temperatures. The resulting carboxylate salt is then acidified to yield the carboxylic acid.

Biologically, carbooxylation is essential for life. Enzymes called carboxylases catalyze these reactions. A prominent example is the carbooxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a key step in the citric acid cycle, which is vital for cellular respiration. Another significant biological carbooxylation is the synthesis of fatty acids, where acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA. This process is also crucial for the biosynthesis of amino acids, such as the production of bicarbonate from carbon dioxide and water, catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. The introduction of a carboxyl group can significantly alter the chemical properties of a molecule, often increasing its polarity and acidity, and enabling further reactions.