kapeluszem

Kapeluszem is the instrumental singular form of the Polish noun kapelusz, which means hat. In Polish grammar, instrumental case is used to indicate the instrument or means by which an action is performed, or to describe certain grammatical constructions that require this case. The form kapeluszem appears almost exclusively in linguistic descriptions and in specific syntactic contexts; in ordinary narration referring to the hat itself, other cases are more common.

Declension of kapelusz in singular and plural forms is as follows. Singular: Nominative kapelusz, Genitive kapelusza, Dative kapeluszowi, Accusative kapelusz, Instrumental kapeluszem, Locative kapeluszu, Vocative kapeluszu. Plural: Nominative kapelusze, Genitive kapeluszów, Dative kapeluszom, Accusative kapelusze, Instrumental kapeluszami, Locative kapuszach, Vocative kapelusze.

Notes on usage: kapeluszem is not typically used as the primary form for everyday reference to a hat in direct object or subject position; it is the grammatical instrument form and is encountered mainly in grammar explanations, quotations illustrating case use, or in constructions where a noun governs the instrumental case. The core lexical entry for the object remains kapelusz, with kapeluszem serving as one of its inflected forms.

See also: kapelusz, Polish grammar, cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, vocative).