kaolinizáció

Kaolinizáció is a geological process that involves the weathering of feldspar minerals, particularly alkali feldspars and plagioclase, into kaolinite clay minerals. This transformation primarily occurs through hydrolysis, a chemical weathering reaction where water molecules break down the mineral structure. The process requires the presence of water, usually in humid or tropical climates, and is often accelerated by acidic conditions, which can be generated by the decomposition of organic matter or the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide.

The resulting kaolinite is a soft, white clay mineral with a low cation exchange capacity. Kaolinization is a significant process in soil formation, contributing to the development of clay-rich horizons. It is also important in the formation of kaolin deposits, which are commercially valuable for their use in ceramics, paper manufacturing, paints, and as a filler in various industrial products. The extent of kaolinization can vary greatly depending on the parent rock composition, climate, and time. In some cases, it can lead to the complete alteration of feldspar-rich rocks into clay-rich materials.