jódosítást

Jódosítást, also known as iodization, is the process of adding iodine to a substance, most commonly salt. This public health measure is implemented to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), a group of conditions that arise from insufficient iodine intake. Iodine is an essential trace element that the body needs to produce thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development, particularly brain development.

In many parts of the world, the soil is naturally low in iodine. This can lead to foods grown in these areas also being deficient in the nutrient. Historically, widespread IDDs have resulted in significant health problems, including goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) and cretinism (severe developmental delays and intellectual disability). Universal salt iodization programs have been highly effective in combating these issues.

The process of iodization involves adding a small, consistent amount of iodine compounds, such as potassium iodide or potassium iodate, to table salt. This is typically done during the salt production or processing stages. The added iodine does not significantly alter the taste, smell, or appearance of the salt, making it an easily accepted method for delivering this vital nutrient to the population. Most countries have implemented mandatory or voluntary salt iodization programs, significantly reducing the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders globally. Regular monitoring and quality control are essential to ensure the correct iodine concentration in iodized salt.