jelátviteltl

Jelátviteltl appears to be a typographical error or a non-standard term, as it does not correspond to any recognized terminology in biology, medicine, or related scientific fields up to October 2023. If you intended to inquire about "jelátvitel," which is the Hungarian term for "nerve transmission" or "neural conduction," I can provide information on that topic.

Nerve transmission, or neural conduction, is the process by which electrical impulses are transmitted along nerve fibers (axons) to communicate signals within the nervous system. This process is fundamental to all sensory, motor, and autonomic functions in the body. It primarily relies on the movement of ions, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, across the cell membrane through specialized structures called ion channels.

In a typical nerve impulse, known as an action potential, depolarization occurs when sodium ions rapidly enter the neuron, causing the internal voltage to become positive relative to the outside. This wave of depolarization travels along the nerve fiber. Subsequently, potassium ions exit the neuron to restore the resting potential, a process called repolarization. The entire cycle is facilitated by the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ionic gradients across the membrane.

Myelination, provided by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, enhances the speed of nerve conduction by enabling saltatory conduction, where impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Proper nerve transmission is essential for muscle movement, reflexes, sensation, and communication within the brain and spinal cord. Disruptions or damages to this process can lead to various neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis and neuropathies.

---