jarðvísindi

Jarðvísindi, the Icelandic term for Earth sciences, refers to the study of the Earth's physical components and the processes that shape them. The discipline encompasses geology, geophysics, geomorphology, hydrology, atmospheric science, and environmental geoscience. It investigates the structure, composition, history, and dynamics of the planet, with particular emphasis on tectonics, volcanism, seismicity, and the interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Iceland’s location on the Mid‑Atlantic Ridge makes it a natural laboratory for studying plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and geothermal energy. Early Icelandic earth scientists, such as Stefán Arngrim and Jón Gíslason, laid the groundwork in the 19th and 20th centuries by mapping volcanic fields and interpreting glacial geology. In the post‑World War II era, research expanded to include seismic monitoring, glacial retreat studies, and the exploration of Iceland’s extensive geothermal resources. The Icelandic Meteorological Office and the Árni Magnússon Institute collaborate to maintain one of the world’s most comprehensive networks of seismic and volcanic monitoring stations, providing critical data for hazard assessment.

Modern Icelandic research institutions, including the University of Iceland’s Geology and Geophysics Department and the National Museum of Iceland, produce peer‑reviewed publications in international journals and participate in global initiatives such as the Global Seismographic Network and the International Association of Volcanology and Materials Science. Iceland’s commitment to open data and multidisciplinary collaboration has positioned it as a key contributor to global understanding of Earth systems, climate change impacts on glaciers, and the sustainable management of geothermal resources.