ivassals

Ivassals, also known as vassals of the Church, were individuals who held land or property in exchange for their loyalty and service to the Church rather than a secular lord. This relationship was formalized through a ceremony known as commendation, where the Church would present the vassal with a cross or other religious symbol. Ivassals were common in medieval Europe, particularly in regions with a strong ecclesiastical influence.

The duties of an ivassal varied but typically included religious obligations such as attending mass, praying for the soul of the benefactor, and sometimes performing specific tasks like tending to a church or cemetery. In return, the Church provided protection, spiritual guidance, and sometimes financial support. This arrangement allowed the Church to maintain a significant presence in secular affairs and to influence local governance.

The relationship between an ivassal and the Church could be lifelong, but it could also be terminated if the vassal committed a serious crime or failed to fulfill their religious duties. The status of an ivassal was not always hereditary, and it could be passed on only if the new holder continued to meet the Church's expectations.

The concept of ivassals is an important aspect of medieval feudalism, illustrating the complex web of relationships that existed between the Church, the nobility, and the peasantry. It also highlights the Church's role as a landowner and its influence in secular matters.