isotsüanaate

Isotsüanaate is the Estonian term for isocyanates. Isocyanates are a group of highly reactive chemical compounds characterized by the functional group -N=C=O. This functional group makes them very useful as building blocks in the synthesis of many important industrial products, most notably polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are a versatile class of polymers found in a wide range of applications, including foams for insulation and cushioning, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers.

The reactivity of the isocyanate group allows it to readily react with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols and amines, to form urethane and urea linkages, respectively. This reaction is the basis for polyurethane formation. Common examples of isocyanates used industrially include toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

Due to their high reactivity, isocyanates can also pose health hazards. Exposure to isocyanates can cause respiratory sensitization, leading to asthma-like symptoms, and skin irritation. Therefore, strict safety precautions and protective measures are necessary when handling these chemicals in industrial settings. Ventilation, personal protective equipment, and proper training are essential to minimize exposure risks.