isopentaani

Isopentaani, also known as 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with the chemical formula C5H12. It is one of the three structural isomers of pentane, the others being n-pentane and neopentane. Isopentaani is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature and pressure, possessing a characteristic gasoline-like odor. It is highly flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.

The physical properties of isopentaani include a boiling point of approximately 27.8 degrees Celsius and a melting point of about -159.9 degrees Celsius. It is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether. Due to its low boiling point, it readily evaporates.

Isopentaani occurs naturally in petroleum and natural gas. It is typically obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. Industrially, it is also synthesized through various processes, including the isomerization of n-pentane.

Its primary uses are as a component in gasoline, where its branched structure contributes to a higher octane rating compared to its straight-chain isomer, n-pentane. This makes it valuable for improving the anti-knock properties of fuels. Isopentaani also finds application as a solvent, a refrigerant, and in the production of other chemicals. It can also be used as a blowing agent for foams. Due to its volatility and flammability, safe handling and storage practices are essential.