isocyanaattiryhmä

Isocyanaattiryhmä is the Finnish term for the isocyanate functional group. This group has the general formula R-N=C=O, where R represents an organic substituent. The isocyanate functional group is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to both a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom. This arrangement results in a highly reactive species.

Isocyanates are important intermediates in the synthesis of various organic compounds, most notably polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are versatile polymers used in a wide array of applications, including foams, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers. The reaction of an isocyanate with an alcohol is the key step in polyurethane formation, leading to the creation of a urethane linkage.

Due to their reactivity, isocyanates can also react with other nucleophiles such as amines, water, and thiols, forming urea, carbamic acid (which readily decomposes to an amine and carbon dioxide), and thiocarbamate linkages, respectively. This reactivity also necessitates careful handling of isocyanates, as they can be hazardous. Exposure can lead to respiratory irritation and sensitization. In industrial settings, strict safety protocols are in place to minimize exposure risks.