irinotekanista

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor used primarily in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It was developed by Pharmacia & Upjohn and was approved by the FDA in 1996. Irinotecan works by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase I, which is involved in DNA replication and repair. This inhibition leads to the formation of DNA breaks, which can be lethal to cancer cells. The drug is administered intravenously and is typically used in combination with other chemotherapy agents, such as fluorouracil and leucovorin, to enhance its efficacy. Irinotecan is available in various formulations, including a liposomal formulation (Onivyde) that aims to improve its solubility and reduce side effects. Common side effects of irinotecan include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and neutropenia. Serious side effects may include severe diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, and severe skin reactions. Irinotecan is generally well-tolerated, but its use is limited by its potential for severe side effects and the development of resistance in cancer cells. The drug is typically used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and is often considered a second-line treatment after fluoropyrimidine-based regimens.