interleúkin

Interleukin (IL) is a type of cytokine, a signaling molecule secreted primarily by immune cells, that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Interleukins facilitate communication between cells to coordinate the body's response to infection, inflammation, and injury.

There are numerous interleukins, each identified by a numerical designation, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, among others. These molecules influence the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and hematopoietic cells. For example, IL-2 promotes T cell growth, while IL-10 has anti-inflammatory properties that help regulate immune responses to prevent excessive tissue damage.

Interleukins are produced by a variety of cell types, including macrophages, T lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. They act by binding to specific interleukin receptors on target cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that modulate gene expression and cellular activity.

Due to their important role in immune regulation, interleukins are targeted in the treatment of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and certain cancers. Synthetic interleukin therapies and inhibitors are under investigation or in clinical use to modulate immune responses for therapeutic benefit.

Overall, interleukins are vital components of the immune system, maintaining homeostasis and defending the body against pathogens, while also potentially contributing to pathological inflammation if dysregulated.