interferonas

Interferons are a group of cytokines, or signaling proteins, that play a crucial role in the immune system's response to viral infections. They were first discovered in the 1950s and are named for their ability to interfere with viral replication. Interferons are classified into three main types: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I interferons, such as interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), are primarily produced by cells in response to viral infection or stimulation by double-stranded RNA. They act on neighboring cells to inhibit viral replication and enhance the immune response. Type II interferons, including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), are produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells. They play a role in cell-mediated immunity and have antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects. Type III interferons, such as interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda), are produced by cells in response to viral infection and have both antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Interferons are used clinically as antiviral therapies and immunomodulators. They are also being studied for their potential in cancer treatment and as adjuvants in vaccines. Interferons are a vital component of the body's defense against viral infections and play a significant role in maintaining overall immune health.