interferométría

Interferometría is a technique that uses the principle of superposition of waves, specifically the interference of light waves, to make extremely precise measurements. It involves splitting a beam of light into two or more paths, which are then recombined. The way the waves interfere – constructively (bright spots) or destructively (dark spots) – depends on the difference in the path lengths. By analyzing the resulting interference pattern, known as a fringe pattern, scientists can detect very small changes in the optical path length.

This technique is fundamental to many scientific and technological applications. In astronomy, interferometers are used to combine light from multiple telescopes, effectively creating a much larger telescope. This allows for higher resolution imaging, enabling the study of distant galaxies and the surfaces of stars. In metrology, interferometry is employed for ultra-precise length measurements, crucial for manufacturing high-precision components and calibrating scientific instruments.

Other applications include surface profiling, testing optical components for defects, and even detecting gravitational waves, as demonstrated by the LIGO experiment. The sensitivity of interferometry makes it an invaluable tool for exploring the universe and advancing technological capabilities.