innovációdiffúzió

Innováció diffúzió, or diffusion of innovation, is a theory that explains how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures. The theory was first introduced by Everett Rogers in his 1962 book, "Diffusion of Innovations." Rogers described the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system.

The adoption of an innovation by members of a social system follows a predictable pattern. Individuals within a social system adopt an innovation at different rates. Rogers categorized these adopters into five groups: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Innovators are the first to adopt, taking risks and being eager for new ideas. Early adopters are opinion leaders who adopt early and influence others. The early majority adopts new ideas just before the average member of a system. The late majority adopts only after the average member has adopted. Laggards are traditional and the last to adopt.

Several factors influence the rate of diffusion. These include the perceived advantages of the innovation over existing ideas, its compatibility with existing values and experiences, its complexity, its trialability (the degree to which it can be experimented with on a limited basis), and its observability (the degree to which results are visible to others). Understanding these elements is crucial for predicting and facilitating the spread of new technologies and practices.