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Initiation system refers to the mechanism responsible for starting a chemical reaction, particularly in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. It is a critical component that ensures controlled and reliable detonation or combustion. The primary function of an initiation system is to provide the necessary energy in a localized area to trigger the sensitive primary explosive or pyrotechnic material, which in turn initiates the main charge.

There are several types of initiation systems, broadly categorized by their energy source. These include mechanical initiation, where impact or friction is used to generate heat; thermal initiation, employing a heat source like a hot wire or flame; electrical initiation, utilizing an electric current to heat a bridgewire, which then ignites a sensitive composition; and chemical initiation, involving a highly reactive chemical reaction.

The components of an initiation system typically include a primer, which is the initial sensitive material, and a booster, which amplifies the output of the primer to reliably initiate the main explosive or propellant. The design and selection of an initiation system depend heavily on the intended application, the sensitivity of the main charge, safety requirements, and environmental conditions. Reliability and safety are paramount considerations in the development and manufacturing of initiation systems.