infraredspektroskopian

Infrared spectroscopy, often abbreviated as IR spectroscopy, is an analytical technique used to identify chemical compounds by measuring their absorption of infrared radiation. The principle behind IR spectroscopy relies on the fact that molecules vibrate at specific frequencies. When infrared radiation of these specific frequencies is passed through a sample, the molecules absorb this energy, causing their bonds to stretch or bend. Different functional groups within a molecule will absorb infrared radiation at characteristic frequencies, creating a unique spectral fingerprint for that compound.

The infrared spectrum is typically plotted as a graph with transmittance (or absorbance) on the y-axis and wavenumber (reciprocal of wavelength, usually in cm⁻¹) on the x-axis. Peaks in the spectrum correspond to the absorption of specific wavelengths of infrared light. By analyzing the positions and intensities of these absorption bands, chemists can deduce the presence of particular functional groups (like C=O, O-H, C-H) and even identify unknown substances by comparing their spectra to known databases. IR spectroscopy is a versatile tool used across various fields, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and environmental monitoring, for qualitative and quantitative analysis.